Civilization- the stage of human social development and organization that isconsidered most advanced.
Joint-stock company- a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.
Pilgrim- a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.
Subsistence farming- is self-sufficiency farming in which farmers focus on growing enough foodto feed their families.
Proprietary colony- is a Colony in which one or more private landowners retain rights that are normally the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so.
Indentured servant- was a worker, typically a laborer or tradesman, under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities.
Triangular trade- a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its importsfrom one country by its exports to another.
Slave code- were a comprehensive series of laws enacted by the Colony of Virginia's House of Burgesses to regulate the growing slave population in Virginia.
People and terms-
Questions and Answers
What was the main food source of the Northwest? Fishing
Why were the Great Plains people nomadic? They had to follow the food in order to survive
How did climate and food sources help shape Native American lifestyles? They needed to adapt to their enviornment!
Why did millions of Native Americans die as a result of contact with Europeans? Because of deceases.
Why did English colonists come to America? Because it was the land of opportunity, religious freedom,
How did the types of settlements influence the way each was governed? Settlements that were formed on religious basis were governed much differently than those that were formed for agriculture.
How many colonies were in new england in 1750? 3
Witch town or city is located the furthest west? Savannah. Witch town or city is located the furthest east? Plymouth.
What groups faced discrimination in colonial times? Racism
Briefly explain how the English colonies came into being. ( you should have 13 entries) The Pilgrims (Plymouth colony) came to America for religious freedom. Jamestown was the first official British settlement. The British came believing that they could find gold (much like the Spanish) but they were unable to find the precious metal. Latter arrivals were due to religious freedom, outlook for religious reform (i.e. Puritans), land (crowding in Britain), or wealth.
PART 2
Vocabulary
Mercantilism- belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
Enlightenment- the action of enlightening or the state of being
Great Awakening- was a religious revival in American religious history.
Customs Duty- is a tax levied on imports or exports.
Committee of Correspondence- were bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colonies.
Minuteman- a member of a class of American militiamen who volunteered to be ready for service at a minute's notice.
People and Terms
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Questions
1)describe the causes that led the colonies to declare their independence.
The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration is a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of theAmerican Revolutionary War. The birthday of the United States of America—Independence Day—is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress.
2)In what ways did the Navigation Acts affect trade in the colonies?
The Navigation Acts were an attempt to put the theory of Mercantilism into practice in the British colonies. The object of mercantilism was to minimize imports that cost the nation money, and maximize exports that made the nation money. Colonies were a means of reducing England's dependence on foreign nations. Each colony would provide a raw material to England and this would allow the nation to not have to purchase that product from another nation. By establishing colonies loyal to the Crown, Great Britain would be expanding a dependable market for the finished products coming out of British industries. The Navigation Acts required that all colonial trade be carried in vessels built and owned by English or colonial merchants. The ships had to be manned by crews composed of British seamen. The Acts also required that European nations must sell products to the colonies by first stoping at English ports where they would have to pay a customs duty (tax).
3)How did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening affect the established order?
it took the governments out of the hands of the church and went into the hands of emperors/dictators---that is to say the governments became secular.
4)What disagreements arose between Britain and the colonies in the 1700s?
the americans believed that the british policys would threaten their freedom.
5)Why did the colonies declare their independence?
King George III refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
King George III called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He also erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
6)Which major battle during the war was a turning point for the Americans?
Battle of Gettburgs
7)indicate ways in which colonists defied Britain’s attempts at regulation and taxation.
8)Writing in History - Imagine you are a colonist in 1767, unhappy about Britain’s policies toward the colonies. Write a pamphlet explaining your position and urging other colonists to support resistance efforts.
More taxes really, more fights we dont need them. People of this land we need to stand up for our rights. We need to show them that this is not their life that this is our land and our country. We need to show them whos boss. We are in a position that is making us feel like trash on this lands ground. WE NEED TO STAND UP FOR OUR RIGHTS!!
UNIT 3
Vocabulary
republic- a community or group with a certain equality between its members.
recession- the action of receding; motion away from an observer.
popular sovereignty- is the belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people.
federalism- advocacy of a federal system of government.
separation of powers- an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
checks and balances- counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
veto- a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.
amendment- a change or addition to a legal or statutory document.
ratification- sign or give formal consent to making it officially valid.
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Anti_federalists.jpg
In what ways was the Confederation Congress ineffective?
The Articles of confederation were unable to provide a solid monetary or money system to protect commerce. The Articles of Confederation did not give congress the power to enforce laws,pay taxes or unify the states. Also, the Articles did allow congress to ask for money but never demand it. Now, congress could only pass a law if 9 states approved it and still had no power to enforce those laws on independent states.Also, unlike the state constitutions, the Articles did not provide for a Governor of for courts.Moreover, the Articles of Confederation could not ever be amended unless ratified in a unanimous vote by all 13 states making it hard for congress to amend or change the Articles of Confederation and it could not raise an army.
What was Shays's Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators". Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by crushing debt andtaxes. Failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in debtor's prisons or the claiming of property by the government.
Describe the "northwest ordinance"
The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of theUnited States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. On August 7, 1789, the U.S. Congress affirmed the Ordinance with slight modifications under theConstitution.
What compromises did the delegates agree on during the convention?
The Great Compromise: made Congress a bicameral legislature, with one house having representation based on population of the state (House of Representatives), and the other with equal representation (Senate)
Why was it important for slave states to have slaves counted in the population?
Delegates opposed to slavery generally wished to count only the free inhabitants of each state. Delegates supportive of slavery, on the other hand, generally wanted to count slaves in their actual numbers. Since slaves could not vote, slaveholders would thus have the benefit of increased representation in the House and the Electoral College. The final compromise of counting "all other persons" as only three-fifths of their actual numbers reduced the power of the slave states relative to the original southern proposals, but increased it over the northern position.
What does "bi-lateral house mean"?
It means its a house with two parts.
Do you think we are better off with a two house system or should we have a one house legislature?
I think we should have a two house system that way there are more people involved and there are more oppinions.
What is the process of amending the Constitution
Congress proposes amendments.
As is the case with the flag burning amendment, both houses of Congress approve by two-thirds votes a resolution calling for the amendment. The resolution does not require the president's signature. To become effective, the proposed amendment must then be "ratified" or approved by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. Congress typically places a time limit of seven years for ratification by the states.
The states propose amendments.
The legislatures of two-thirds of the states vote to call for a convention at which constitutional amendments can be proposed. Amendments proposed by the convention would again require ratification by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. P.E. Harrell
Why did authors write The Federalist Papers
The authors of The Federalist wanted both to influence the vote in favor of ratification and to shape future interpretations of the Constitution. According to historian Richard B. Morris, they are an "incomparable exposition of the Constitution, a classic in political science unsurpassed in both breadth and depth by the product of any later American writer."
Why was it important for Virginia and New York to ratify the Constitution, even after the required nine states had done so?
If they didn't ratify, they would have to operate independently of all of the surrounding states that had accepted the Constitution and they represented 30% of the nation's population. If they didn't support, people feared that the Constitution wouldn't succeed.
list the compromises the Founders reached at the Constitutional Convention.
Some states wouldn't ratify until there was a "bill of rights" and a new government was in place.
List in chronological order states that ratified the Constitution
Delaware December 7, 1787 Pennsylvania New Jersey Georgia Connecticut Maryland April 1788 South Carolina May 1788 New Hampshire June 21 1788 Virginia New York North Carolina November 1789 Rhode Island May 1790
Why were there demands for a "Bill of Rights" before the Constitution could be ratified
To make sure they would be able to do certain things and do them in fair and deserving ways.
PART 1
Vocabulary-
Civilization- the stage of human social development and organization that isconsidered most advanced.
Joint-stock company- a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.
Pilgrim- a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.
Subsistence farming- is self-sufficiency farming in which farmers focus on growing enough foodto feed their families.
Proprietary colony- is a Colony in which one or more private landowners retain rights that are normally the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so.
Indentured servant- was a worker, typically a laborer or tradesman, under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities.
Triangular trade- a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its importsfrom one country by its exports to another.
Slave code- were a comprehensive series of laws enacted by the Colony of Virginia's House of Burgesses to regulate the growing slave population in Virginia.
People and terms-
Questions and Answers
Briefly explain how the English colonies came into being. ( you should have 13 entries) The Pilgrims (Plymouth colony) came to America for religious freedom. Jamestown was the first official British settlement. The British came believing that they could find gold (much like the Spanish) but they were unable to find the precious metal. Latter arrivals were due to religious freedom, outlook for religious reform (i.e. Puritans), land (crowding in Britain), or wealth.
PART 2
Vocabulary
People and Terms
Questions
1)describe the causes that led the colonies to declare their independence.
The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration is a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of theAmerican Revolutionary War. The birthday of the United States of America—Independence Day—is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress.
2)In what ways did the Navigation Acts affect trade in the colonies?
The Navigation Acts were an attempt to put the theory of Mercantilism into practice in the British colonies. The object of mercantilism was to minimize imports that cost the nation money, and maximize exports that made the nation money. Colonies were a means of reducing England's dependence on foreign nations. Each colony would provide a raw material to England and this would allow the nation to not have to purchase that product from another nation. By establishing colonies loyal to the Crown, Great Britain would be expanding a dependable market for the finished products coming out of British industries. The Navigation Acts required that all colonial trade be carried in vessels built and owned by English or colonial merchants. The ships had to be manned by crews composed of British seamen. The Acts also required that European nations must sell products to the colonies by first stoping at English ports where they would have to pay a customs duty (tax).
3)How did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening affect the established order?
it took the governments out of the hands of the church and went into the hands of emperors/dictators---that is to say the governments became secular.
4)What disagreements arose between Britain and the colonies in the 1700s?
the americans believed that the british policys would threaten their freedom.
5)Why did the colonies declare their independence?
King George III refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
King George III called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He also erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
6)Which major battle during the war was a turning point for the Americans?
Battle of Gettburgs
7)indicate ways in which colonists defied Britain’s attempts at regulation and taxation.
8)Writing in History - Imagine you are a colonist in 1767, unhappy about Britain’s policies toward the colonies. Write a pamphlet explaining your position and urging other colonists to support resistance efforts.
More taxes really, more fights we dont need them. People of this land we need to stand up for our rights. We need to show them that this is not their life that this is our land and our country. We need to show them whos boss. We are in a position that is making us feel like trash on this lands ground. WE NEED TO STAND UP FOR OUR RIGHTS!!
UNIT 3
Vocabulary
In what ways was the Confederation Congress ineffective?
The Articles of confederation were unable to provide a solid monetary or money system to protect commerce. The Articles of Confederation did not give congress the power to enforce laws,pay taxes or unify the states. Also, the Articles did allow congress to ask for money but never demand it. Now, congress could only pass a law if 9 states approved it and still had no power to enforce those laws on independent states.Also, unlike the state constitutions, the Articles did not provide for a Governor of for courts.Moreover, the Articles of Confederation could not ever be amended unless ratified in a unanimous vote by all 13 states making it hard for congress to amend or change the Articles of Confederation and it could not raise an army.
What was Shays's Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators". Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by crushing debt andtaxes. Failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in debtor's prisons or the claiming of property by the government.
Describe the "northwest ordinance"
The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of theUnited States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. On August 7, 1789, the U.S. Congress affirmed the Ordinance with slight modifications under theConstitution.
What compromises did the delegates agree on during the convention?
The Great Compromise: made Congress a bicameral legislature, with one house having representation based on population of the state (House of Representatives), and the other with equal representation (Senate)
Why was it important for slave states to have slaves counted in the population?
Delegates opposed to slavery generally wished to count only the free inhabitants of each state. Delegates supportive of slavery, on the other hand, generally wanted to count slaves in their actual numbers. Since slaves could not vote, slaveholders would thus have the benefit of increased representation in the House and the Electoral College. The final compromise of counting "all other persons" as only three-fifths of their actual numbers reduced the power of the slave states relative to the original southern proposals, but increased it over the northern position.
What does "bi-lateral house mean"?
It means its a house with two parts.
Do you think we are better off with a two house system or should we have a one house legislature?
I think we should have a two house system that way there are more people involved and there are more oppinions.
What is the process of amending the Constitution
Congress proposes amendments.
As is the case with the flag burning amendment, both houses of Congress approve by two-thirds votes a resolution calling for the amendment. The resolution does not require the president's signature. To become effective, the proposed amendment must then be "ratified" or approved by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. Congress typically places a time limit of seven years for ratification by the states.
The states propose amendments.
The legislatures of two-thirds of the states vote to call for a convention at which constitutional amendments can be proposed. Amendments proposed by the convention would again require ratification by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. P.E. Harrell
Why did authors write The Federalist Papers
The authors of The Federalist wanted both to influence the vote in favor of ratification and to shape future interpretations of the Constitution. According to historian Richard B. Morris, they are an "incomparable exposition of the Constitution, a classic in political science unsurpassed in both breadth and depth by the product of any later American writer."
Why was it important for Virginia and New York to ratify the Constitution, even after the required nine states had done so?
If they didn't ratify, they would have to operate independently of all of the surrounding states that had accepted the Constitution and they represented 30% of the nation's population. If they didn't support, people feared that the Constitution wouldn't succeed.
list the compromises the Founders reached at the Constitutional Convention.
Some states wouldn't ratify until there was a "bill of rights" and a new government was in place.
List in chronological order states that ratified the Constitution
Delaware December 7, 1787 Pennsylvania New Jersey Georgia Connecticut Maryland April 1788 South Carolina May 1788 New Hampshire June 21 1788 Virginia New York North Carolina November 1789 Rhode Island May 1790
Why were there demands for a "Bill of Rights" before the Constitution could be ratified
To make sure they would be able to do certain things and do them in fair and deserving ways.