cabinet- (in the U.S.) a body of advisers to the President, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government
enumerated powers-The enumerated powers are a list of items found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution which set forth the authoritative capacity of the United States Congress
clause-a particular and separate article, stipulation, or proviso in a treaty, bill, or contract
implied powers-in the United States, are those powers authorized by a legal document (from the Constitution) which, while not stated, are seemed to be implied by powers expressly.
judicial review-review by the U.S. Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
nativism-the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants
labor union-an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
ambiguous-open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning
People and terms - Bill of Rights, Louisiana Purchase, McCulloch v. Maryland, Monroe Doctrine, Industrial Revolution, Eli Whitney
Bill of rights-a statement of the rights of a class of people, in particular
Industrial Revolution - The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world.
Eli Whitney- Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South.
Questions
1 - in 1789 what departments did Congress create?
Department of State, Department of Treasury, and Department of War
2 - What Act did Congress pass to organize the judiciary?
Judiciary Act
3 - When was the Bill of Rights ratified?
December 15, 1791
4 - Who wanted to create a national bank?
Alexander Hamilton
5 - What was the first financial crisis the new nation faced?
Panic of 1819
6 - What was the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case?
The idea of Judicial review
7 - What did the election of 1800 show?
Showed that the Executive branch could be won by the non-federalists
8 - How was the District of Columbia created?
February 20, 1967: The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority is created through a compact between the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia.
9 - What is the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers
The constitution enumerates a number of rights reserved to the people including press, speech, assembly . . . but implies privacy, as case law has dictated -- while the right to privacy isn't enumerated in the constitution, it can be found in the penumbra.
10 - How many terms did Washington serve as President
2
11 - What was one of Adams' most urgent challenges when he became President?
The threat of war with France
12 - What was the effect of the Treaty of Paris 1783?
The Dutch had been dragged into the war in 1780, after "secretly" supporting the United States and France since the beginning; incapable of defending their colonies, they were saved by France, which recovered nearly all Dutch territory captured by the British.
The key point in this treaty is Article 6, which allowed British ships to navigate unmolested in the seas to the south-east of India, facilitating the development of later British colonies such as Singapore and Australia (and serving as a wedge to force a way into Dutch trading territory in the area).
13 - Briefly outline the War of 1812 - include major military engagements (you may needwikipedia for this)
The War of 1812 is sometimes called the "Second War of Independence" or the "forgotten war." It was fought until 1815 between the United States and Great Britain. This conflict was caused mainly by the US resentment of British naval harassment. The British were already at war with France. They seized American ships and took seamen from them, some who were US citizens. The British also attempted to keep US ships from reaching French ports
14 - What was the Tariff of 1816?
The 1816 tariff act was the first true protectionist measure, reversing the revenue-generation emphasis of the 1789 measure. Protectionist forces would gather strength and improve their position in 1824.
15 - what was McCulloch V. Maryland? and What was the result?
was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland, the Second Bank of the United States was the only out-of-state bank then existing in Maryland, and the law was recognized in the court's opinion as having specifically targeted the U.S. Bank. The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list of express powers provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
16 - Use the chart above and copy the information into your wiki page for unit 2
17 - What was the "border question" (Florida and Spain) who and what groups were involved, what was the result
Florida also passed from one European power to another. France gave up its claim to Florida to Britain in 1763 following the Seven Years' War, but Spain ended up with the territory as a consolation prize (having failed to secure Gibraltar) at the end of the American War for Independence in 1783. Spain surrendered its claims to present-day Alabama and Mississippi in Pinckney's Treaty (1795). The United States purchased Florida under the terms of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819.
18 - What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy that was introduced on December 2, 1823, which stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed, by the United States of America, as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.
19 - What were the outcomes of the Adams-Onís Treaty and the Monroe Doctrine?
his agreement, also called the Transcontinental Treaty, was made during the administration of President James Monroe and settled long‐standing disputes between the United States and Spain. Madrid ceded East Florida to the Americans, while Washington surrendered its claims to Texas and agreed to assume payment of American financial claims against the Spanish up to $5 million. The treaty established definitive western boundaries for the Louisiana Purchase, following the Sabine, Red, and Arkansas Rivers to the 42nd parallel, and running along that line to the Pacific. The United States also secured Spanish claims to Oregon.
20 - How did industrialization affect cities in the United States?
The collection's Special Presentation, The Dramas of Haymarket, is a thorough, interactive overview of the events and issues of the Haymarket affair. It includes information about the historic changes of industrialization and urbanization in the post-Civil War United States, which provided the backdrop for the radicalization of labor and the events of the Haymarket affair.
21 - How does the government of your community raise the money it needs to pay for community services? How does the government of the United States raise the money?
I don't think it does but I could be so wrong.
I honestly Don't know
22 - Name at least three key moments in the early 1800s when fed- eral authority clashed with state author- ity. What trend developed in the resolution of these disputes?
The election of 1800 was a turning point in national politics as the Federalists were replaced by the Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, the authors of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.
Part 2
Vocabulary -
spoils system- the system or practice in which public offices with their emoluments and advantages are at the disposal of the victorious party for its own purposes.
caucus- a meeting of party leaders to select candidates, elect convention delegates
item- a separate article or particular
secede- to withdraw formally from an alliance, federation, or association, as from a political union, a religious organization,
nullification- an act or instance of nullifying.
temperance- moderation or self-restraint in action, statement, etc.; self-control.
academic- of or pertaining to a college, academy, school, or other educational institution, esp. one for higher education
abolition-the act of abolishing
emancipation- the act of emancipating
People and Terms Identify: Whig, Second Great Awakening, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Frederick Douglass.
Whig,
Second Great Awakening,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
Frederick Douglass.
QUESTIONS
1 - Describe the Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in thewestern territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.
2 - Who organized the Missouri Compromise
John W. Taylor of New York
3 - What was the "corrupt bargain"
The term Corrupt Bargain refers to three separate events that each involved a United States presidential election and a deal that was struck that many viewed to be corrupt.
4 - What was the political result of the "corrupt bargain"?
After the votes were counted in the U.S. presidential election of 1824, no candidate had received a majority of the Presidential Electoral votes, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives. To the surprise of many, the House elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson.
5 - How did a large number of people gain the right to vote in the 1800's?
Women were able to vote
6 - Do you agree with the idea of a spoils system? Why or why not?
No, because it makes more people want to be vote for them weather they agree with them on not. They didn't want tariffs
7 - Why did South Carolina threaten to secede in 1828 and what was the crisis called?
They didn't want tariffs
8 - How did President Jackson feel about the nullification problem and what did he do?
He thought it was treason so he had congress pass a bill that would slowly lower tariffs.
9 - What effort did Jackson accelerate?
the emergence of southern pro-slavery as a coherent and articulate political force, which would help solidify northern antislavery opinion, inside as well as outside Jackson’s party.
10 - What was the Indian Removal Act.
authorized the President to negotiate treaties to buy tribal lands in the east in exchange for lands further west, outside of existing U.S. state borders.
11 - What two Supreme Court decisions were made in support of Native Americans
Georgia could not impose its laws upon Cherokee tribal lands
the entire Cherokee Nation was expected to move west to the Indian Territory
12 - What did Jackson do to the Second Bank of the United States?
Jackson worked to rescind the bank's federal charter and vetoed it.
13 - What did the Whig political party want to do?
the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy ofCongress over the presidency, and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism.
14 - What was the panic of 1837?
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States built on aspeculative fever.[1] The bubble burst on May 10, 1837 in New York City, when every bank began to accept payment only in specie (goldand silver coinage). This was based on the assumption by former president, Andrew Jackson, that government was selling land for state bank notes of questionable value.
15 - What happened to Harrison and who took his place?
He got sick and died. John Tyler replaced him.
16 - Name some of the groups and preachers of The Second Great Awakening
Methodist and Baptist and William Miller
17 - Answer the question in the "history through art" section above
it looks like fun. People are laying around doing whatever they want.
18 - Summarize issues in the Women's movement section above.
Women back then werent educated well because they stayed home all day while the men were working so they didnt really know what was going on. But Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded Seneca Falls.
19 - Why did people object to the anti-slavery movement?
They wanted to keep their slaves.
20 - How did southerners describe the institution of slavery?
It was a vital way of life to them.
Part 3
Vocabulary
Manifest Destiny: the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the U.S.throughout the American continents was both justified andinevitable.
Annexation: an addition to a document
Popular Sovereignty: or the sovereignty of the people is the belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of every political power.
Secession: the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, esp. a political state
Underground Railroad: a secret network for helping slaves escape from the South to the Northand to Canada in the years before the Civil War.
Adjacent: next to or adjoining something else
Transcontinental Railroad: a railroad network of trackage that crosses a continental land mass from "coast-to-coast" between terminals that are at (or directly connected to) different oceans or recognized continental borders.
Insurrection: a violent uprising against an authority or government
Prospect: a mental picture of a future or anticipated event
People and terms
Republican Party,
Dred Scott - (1799– September 17, 1858), was an African American slave in the United States who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857. His case was based on the fact that although he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, he had lived with his master Dr. John Emerson in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to both state laws and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, including Illinois and Minnesota (which was then part of the Wisconsin Territory)
Crittenden’s Compromise - (December 18, 1860) was an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.
Jefferson Davis- (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865.
Questions
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson signed a treaty with Napoleon Bonaparte that ceded a giant swath of land to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. This doubled the size of America, giving the country access to the very important trade route of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans. The land included in the Louisiana Purchase would eventually become thirteen new states of the Union for just pennies an acre.
What was the Oklahoma Land Grab? (you will need wikipedia)
as the first land run into the Unassigned Lands and included all or part of the 2005 modern day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
\Define the East-West routes used by the 1840's
It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid 1850s.
What land did the United States obtain under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
\Mexico
People and Terms!
deck77cf1be8fdc7f6f0fafbd7fd318b90074613a96b.jpg
deck53cfba38b30d17397dc7fbed8b79bc2562320a60.jpg
deckd6dfda7668edd44fa0d92fc563519c9524f59f32.jpg
Harriet Tubman: was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarain, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage.
Republican Party: one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the Grand Old Party (GOP). The part's platform generally reflects American conservatism, in the political spectrum, in contrast to the more "liberal" or "progressive" Democrats.
Dred Scott: an African American slave in the United States who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857. His case was based on the fact that although he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, he had lived with his master Dr. John Emerson in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to both state laws and Northwest Ordinance of 1787, including Illinois and Minnesota (which was then part of the Wisconsin Territory.
Crittenden’s Compromise: an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.
Jefferson Davis: was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865.
Questions!
1. What was the Louisiana Purchase?
The acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2) of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803.
2. What was the Oklahoma Land Grab?
The first land run into the Unassigned Lands and included all or part of the 2005 modern day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the U.S state of Oklahoma.
3. Define the East-West routes used by the 1840's
Oregon Trail, California Trail, and Santa Fe Trail.
4. What land did the United States obtain under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Utah, Nevada, and Colorado (see Article V of the treaty). Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.
5. Describe the Battle of the Alamo and what did it eventually lead to
It was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Bexar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas). All but two of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution.
6. Polk promised to add which two states?
Texas and Oregon.
7. Describe how the war with Mexico began
The was between Mexico and the United States had it's beginning with the struggle over who would control Texas.
8. Where did the idea of Manifest Destiny come from?
John O’Sullivan.
9. What treaty ended the war with Mexico and what were the terms or the treaty?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico ceded to the Untied States Upper California and New Mexico.
10. What did Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina argue about slaves in the territories?
Nicknamed the "cast-iron man" for his determination to defend the causes in which he believed, Calhoun supported states' rights and nullification, under which states could declare null and void federal laws which they deemed to be unconstitutional.
11. What were the beliefs for the "free soil" party.
It's main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.
12. What triggered the California gold rush?
When gold was found by James. W Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. New of the discovery brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the Unites States and abroad. Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half walked overland.
13. What was the compromise proposed by Henry Clay?
Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of five bills, passed in September 1859, defusing a four year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose following the Mexican-American War in 1846-1848
14. Describe the Fugitive slave act and how was it used?
Declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters, to give a reason to hunt any African-American.
15. Why was the route of the transcontinental railroad so important?
To promote growth in the territories the route.
16 - Why did the Compromise of 1850 not succeed in ending sectional division?
The Compromise was greeted with relief, although each side dislikes specific provisions. These provisions ultimately let to it's failure.
17. Describe how Kansas became "Bleeding Kansas?" What was the Kansas Nebraska Act?
After a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858. At the hear of the conflict was the question of whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free state or slave state. As such, Bleeding Kansas was a proxy war between Northern and Southerners over the issue of slavery in the Unites States. The term "Bleeding Kansas" was coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune; the events it encompasses directly presaged the American Civil War.
1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.
18. Who were the "know nothings"?
The Know-Nothings were members of a U.S. political movement during the mid-1800s: Americans who feared the foreign influence of immigrants (there was an influx of new arrivals in the 1840s) banded together, sometimes in secret societies, in order to uphold what they believed to be the American view. When people who were thought to be members of these groups were asked about their views and activities, the typical response was, "I don't know," which gave the movement its name.
19. Describe the Dred Scott Court case and what were the results and the effects
A ruling by the U.S Supreme Court that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves (or their descendants, whether or not they were slaves) were not protected by the constitution and could never be U.S citizens. The court also held that the U.S Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories and that, because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court. Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves, as chattels or private property, could not be taken away from their owners without due process.
20. Why did Southern Democrats walk out of the Democratic Convention?
Over a platform dispute, led by William Lowndes Yancey.
Part 4
martial law: imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis—usually only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law becomes widespread.
greenback: refers to the United States dollar: It generally refers to money
conscription: the compulsory enrollment of people to some sort of public service.
habeas corpus: a writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention.
attrition: the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure
siege: a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside
conceive: form or device in the mind.
subordinate: lower in rank or position
mandate: an official order or commission to do something
People and Terms
robert.jpg
robert.jpg
Emancipation_Proclamation.jpg
Emancipation_Proclamation.jpg
usulyess_grant.jpg
usulyess_grant.jpg
Gettysburg_Address.jpg
Gettysburg_Address.jpg
Gettysburg_Address.jpg
Gettysburg_Address.jpg
martial law: military government involving the suspension of ordinary law.
greenback: a paper currency that was issued by the North during the American Civil War
conscription: compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
habeas corpus:a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, esp. to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
attrition:the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure
siege: a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town orbuilding, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling thesurrender of those inside
conceive: form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind
subordinate: lower in rank or position
mandate:an official order or commission to do something
Questions
1 - How did Lincoln show he wanted to avoid war?
He addressed the seceding states directly, repeating his commitment not to interfere with slavery where it already existed.
2 -Describe the battle for Fort Sumpter
The battle for Fort Sumpter: Lincoln wanted to supply Fort Sumpter. President Jackson was faced with a problem. He could shoot at the supply ship and provoke war with the U.S, OR surrender. In the end, he surrendered.
3 - List the states of the confederacy
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.
4 - What additional factors are not considered when comparing population percentages between the Union and the Confederacy? (check the graph at the top of the page)
Education mainly.
5 - Define civil liberties. Do you believe the government is justified limiting civil liberties during wartime?
Civil liberties are rights and freedoms that provide an individual specific rights such as the right to life, freedom from torture, freedom from slavery and forced labour, the right to liberty and security, right to a fair trial, the right to privacy, freedom of conscience, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, and the right to marry and have a family. Not exactly, for example, if freedom from torture was limited, it would kind of be inhumane.
6 - Why did the call for military volunteers lead more states to secede?
The volunteers did not want to take up arms against their fellow southerners.
7 - Summarize the difference in economies between the north and the south
North: manufacturing, wanted to end slavery, bigger then the south, could maintain their military
South: agriculture, wanted slavery, smaller, could NOT maintain their military
8 - Summarize the political situations for Lincoln and Davis
Lincoln: Civil war had pushed him to make the Emancipation Proclamation, he felt that imposing a harsh peace would only alienate many whites in the South.
Davis: Felt pressure for a quick victory
9 - List the factors that made the American Civil War the first "moden" war
Huge armies that consisted mostly of civilian volunteers and required vast amounts of supplies. inventors had developed an inexpensive conoidal or cone-shaped bullet that was accurate at much greater distances. This resulted in much higher casualties. Attrition, the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources
10 - What steps did the North, and eventually the south, take to staff their armies?
They blockaded their ports in the North and the South.
11 - How were blockade runners used by the south?
small, fast vessels the South used to smuggle goods past the blockade, usually at night.
12 - Use wikipedia, list the major battles of the civil war and their results.
Antietam / Sharpsburg Maryland September 16-18, 1862
Over 6,000 men killed and around another 16,000 wounded
Bull Run / Blackburn's Ford Virginia July 18, 1861
Union lost, North would need a large, well trained army to prevail against the South.
Chattanooga Tennessee November 23-25, 1863
North won and secured eastern Tennessee.
Chickamauga Georgia September 18-20, 1863
Marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia called the Chickamauga Campaign.
Fredericksburg I / Marye's Heights Virginia December 11-15, 1862
The Union army suffered 12,653 casualties (1,284 killed, 9,600 wounded, 1,769 captured/missing).[2] Two Union generals were mortally wounded: Brig. Gens. George D. Bayard and Conrad F. Jackson. The Confederate army lost 5,377 (608 killed, 4,116 wounded, 653 captured/missing),[3] most of them in the early fighting on Jackson's front. Confederate Brig. Gens. Maxcy Gregg and T. R. R. Cobb were both mortally wounded.
Gettysburg Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863
Battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is often described as the war's turning point.
Shiloh / Pittsburg Landing Tennessee April 6-7, 1862
Located in the Western Theater. Newspapers vilified Grant for his performance and claimed he was drunk.
Stones River / Murfreesboro Tennessee Dec 31, 1862-Jan 2, 1863
In a charge, was among the first to reach a battery of the enemy and, with one or two others, mounted the artillery horses and took two guns into the Union lines.
Wilderness / Furnaces / Todd's Tavern Virginia May 5-7, 1864
usually described as a draw, it could be called a tactical Confederate victory, but a strategic victory for the Union army.
13 - List some of the problems the south began to suffer by the end of 1862
14 - Describe the life of union and confederate soldiers
Hard life with few comforts, faced constant threat of disease and extreme medical procedures if they got injured in battle.
15 - Why do you think so many African Americans were willing to volunteer to fight?
They wanted their freedom from the South.
16 - For how long was the city of Vicksburg under siege by Grant’s Union forces?
May 19, 1863 to July 4, 1863
17 - Spring 1864, what two crucial objectives had Grant accomplished?
Capturing Vicksburg and victory at Chattanooga
18 - What effect do you think would the Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth
Amendment have on African Amer- icans? Why?
The Emancipation Proclamation officially permitted African Americans to enlist in the Union military and navy. This gave them the right to fight what they believed in. The Thirteenth Amendment banned slavery in the United States... The effect speaks for itself.
19 - What would account for the thousands of non-battle deaths listed in one of the graphs?
Sickness
20 - Why did General Sherman march his army to the sea?
To sieze Georgia's first settlement.
Part 5
Vocabulary Define:
Reconstruction: The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed
Amnesty: An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses
Pocket Veto,
Freedman: A freedman is a former slave who has been released from slavery,
Black Codes,
Impeach: Call into question the integrity or validity of a practice
Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities
Tenant Farmer: A person who farms rented land.
Sharecropper: A tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent
Circumstance: A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action
Questions
1 - Who looked forward to a Union victory?
Enslaved African Americans
2 - Describe Lincoln's plan for reuniting the country.
He offered a general amnesty, or pardon, to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the United States and accepted the Union’s proclamations concern- ing slavery.
3 - What effect would the abolition of slavery have on southern representation in congress? Explain
It is three separate events that each involved a United States presidential election and a deal that was struck that many viewed to be corrupt.
4 - What was the "wade-davis bill?"
It required the majority of the adult white men in a former Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.
5 - How did Lincoln deal with the Wade-Davis Bill?
He blocked it with a pocket veto.
6 - What were the events that lead to the assassination of Lincoln? (Use wikipedia)
The Confederacy was falling apart. On April 3, Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, fell to the Union army. On April 9, the Army of Northern Virginia, the first army of the Confederacy, surrendered to the Army of the Potomac at Appomattox Court House. Confederate President Jefferson Davis and the rest of his government were in full flight. Although many Southerners had given up hope, Booth continued to believe in his cause.
7 - How did Johnson react to the 14th amendment? What were the results
He attacked it and made it a major issue of the 1866 congressional elections and wanted to vote out the "radical republicans" and elect representatives who would support his plan for Reconstruction. It back fired and they had enough people to override the presidential veto and make their own Reconstruction program in place of Johnson's plan.
8 - What order was given to the military commanders during reconstruction
Maintain peace and "Protect the rights of persons and property."
9 - How many years after the war was the last Southern state readmitted to the Union?
It took 5 years. (1870)
10 - Why was Johnson impeached?
He was accused of breaking the law by refusing to uphold the Tenure of Office Act.
11 - Define who were the Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
The carpetbaggers were new people who went into the south and they were known as "carpetbaggers" because some arrived with their belongings in suitcases made of carpet fabric.
12 - Describe the creation of Republican governments in the south.
Because of past disloyalty, some Southern whites were barred from participation in the new Southern governments, and many others simply refused to do so. As a result a coalition of Northerners, Southern-bortn whites, and African Americans created Republican governments in the Southern states.
13 - O.O. Howard, head of the Freedmen’s Bureau, is pictured here (far right) with the students of a Freedmen’s school. Why do you think these schools were so successful?
Because all of the African American's wanted to be educated and this was the first time they were aloud to.
14 - What was one of the largest "secret societies" to rise in the south? How did congress respond the their activities?
The KKK. Congressed passed 3 enforcement acts.
15 - What were some of the scandals that faced the Grant administrations
The first scandal, 1869's "Black Friday" on the New York gold exchange, involved Wall Street conspirators who attempted to corner the available gold supply and prevent the government from selling gold by enlisting Grant's brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, as co-conspirator.
16 - How did Democrats regain strength in the south?
They intimidated and fraud, and in part by defining the elections as a struggle between whites and African Americans. They promised to cut back taxes Republicans imposed and accused them of corruption.
17 - What values and policies do you associate with today’s Republican and Democratic Parties? (use the internet to research each party's platform)
18 - Describe the rise of the "New South"
The South developed closer ties with the NOrth. Southern leaders realized the South could never return to the pre-Civil-War agricultural economy dominated by planter elite. They needed to be Industrial based instead.
19 - If you disagree with a political decision, how can you change it
Vote against it.
20 - What major issue was settled by the Compromise of 1877?
It pulled remaining troop out of the South
Vocabulary
cabinet- (in the U.S.) a body of advisers to the President, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government
enumerated powers-The enumerated powers are a list of items found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution which set forth the authoritative capacity of the United States Congress
clause-a particular and separate article, stipulation, or proviso in a treaty, bill, or contract
implied powers-in the United States, are those powers authorized by a legal document (from the Constitution) which, while not stated, are seemed to be implied by powers expressly.
judicial review-review by the U.S. Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
nativism-the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants
labor union-an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
ambiguous-open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning
People and terms - Bill of Rights, Louisiana Purchase, McCulloch v. Maryland, Monroe Doctrine, Industrial Revolution, Eli Whitney
Bill of rights-a statement of the rights of a class of people, in particular
Industrial Revolution - The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world.
Eli Whitney- Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South.
Questions
1 - in 1789 what departments did Congress create?
Department of State, Department of Treasury, and Department of War
2 - What Act did Congress pass to organize the judiciary?
Judiciary Act
3 - When was the Bill of Rights ratified?
December 15, 1791
4 - Who wanted to create a national bank?
Alexander Hamilton
5 - What was the first financial crisis the new nation faced?
Panic of 1819
6 - What was the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case?
The idea of Judicial review
7 - What did the election of 1800 show?
Showed that the Executive branch could be won by the non-federalists
8 - How was the District of Columbia created?
February 20, 1967: The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority is created through a compact between the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia.
9 - What is the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers
The constitution enumerates a number of rights reserved to the people including press, speech, assembly . . . but implies privacy, as case law has dictated -- while the right to privacy isn't enumerated in the constitution, it can be found in the penumbra.
10 - How many terms did Washington serve as President
2
11 - What was one of Adams' most urgent challenges when he became President?
The threat of war with France
12 - What was the effect of the Treaty of Paris 1783?
The Dutch had been dragged into the war in 1780, after "secretly" supporting the United States and France since the beginning; incapable of defending their colonies, they were saved by France, which recovered nearly all Dutch territory captured by the British.
The key point in this treaty is Article 6, which allowed British ships to navigate unmolested in the seas to the south-east of India, facilitating the development of later British colonies such as Singapore and Australia (and serving as a wedge to force a way into Dutch trading territory in the area).
13 - Briefly outline the War of 1812 - include major military engagements (you may needwikipedia for this)
The War of 1812 is sometimes called the "Second War of Independence" or the "forgotten war." It was fought until 1815 between the United States and Great Britain. This conflict was caused mainly by the US resentment of British naval harassment. The British were already at war with France. They seized American ships and took seamen from them, some who were US citizens. The British also attempted to keep US ships from reaching French ports
14 - What was the Tariff of 1816?
The 1816 tariff act was the first true protectionist measure, reversing the revenue-generation emphasis of the 1789 measure. Protectionist forces would gather strength and improve their position in 1824.
15 - what was McCulloch V. Maryland? and What was the result?
was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland, the Second Bank of the United States was the only out-of-state bank then existing in Maryland, and the law was recognized in the court's opinion as having specifically targeted the U.S. Bank. The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list of express powers provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
16 - Use the chart above and copy the information into your wiki page for unit 2
17 - What was the "border question" (Florida and Spain) who and what groups were involved, what was the result
Florida also passed from one European power to another. France gave up its claim to Florida to Britain in 1763 following the Seven Years' War, but Spain ended up with the territory as a consolation prize (having failed to secure Gibraltar) at the end of the American War for Independence in 1783. Spain surrendered its claims to present-day Alabama and Mississippi in Pinckney's Treaty (1795). The United States purchased Florida under the terms of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819.
18 - What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy that was introduced on December 2, 1823, which stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed, by the United States of America, as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.
19 - What were the outcomes of the Adams-Onís Treaty and the Monroe Doctrine?
his agreement, also called the Transcontinental Treaty, was made during the administration of President James Monroe and settled long‐standing disputes between the United States and Spain. Madrid ceded East Florida to the Americans, while Washington surrendered its claims to Texas and agreed to assume payment of American financial claims against the Spanish up to $5 million. The treaty established definitive western boundaries for the Louisiana Purchase, following the Sabine, Red, and Arkansas Rivers to the 42nd parallel, and running along that line to the Pacific. The United States also secured Spanish claims to Oregon.
20 - How did industrialization affect cities in the United States?
The collection's Special Presentation, The Dramas of Haymarket, is a thorough, interactive overview of the events and issues of the Haymarket affair. It includes information about the historic changes of industrialization and urbanization in the post-Civil War United States, which provided the backdrop for the radicalization of labor and the events of the Haymarket affair.
21 - How does the government of your community raise the money it needs to pay for community services? How does the government of the United States raise the money?
I don't think it does but I could be so wrong.
I honestly Don't know
22 - Name at least three key moments in the early 1800s when fed- eral authority clashed with state author- ity. What trend developed in the resolution of these disputes?
The election of 1800 was a turning point in national politics as the Federalists were replaced by the Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, the authors of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.
Part 2
Vocabulary -
spoils system- the system or practice in which public offices with their emoluments and advantages are at the disposal of the victorious party for its own purposes.
caucus- a meeting of party leaders to select candidates, elect convention delegates
item- a separate article or particular
secede- to withdraw formally from an alliance, federation, or association, as from a political union, a religious organization,
nullification- an act or instance of nullifying.
temperance- moderation or self-restraint in action, statement, etc.; self-control.
academic- of or pertaining to a college, academy, school, or other educational institution, esp. one for higher education
abolition-the act of abolishing
emancipation- the act of emancipating
People and Terms Identify: Whig, Second Great Awakening, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Frederick Douglass.
Whig,
Second Great Awakening,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
Frederick Douglass.
QUESTIONS
1 - Describe the Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in thewestern territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.
2 - Who organized the Missouri Compromise
John W. Taylor of New York
3 - What was the "corrupt bargain"
The term Corrupt Bargain refers to three separate events that each involved a United States presidential election and a deal that was struck that many viewed to be corrupt.
4 - What was the political result of the "corrupt bargain"?
After the votes were counted in the U.S. presidential election of 1824, no candidate had received a majority of the Presidential Electoral votes, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives. To the surprise of many, the House elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson.
5 - How did a large number of people gain the right to vote in the 1800's?
Women were able to vote
6 - Do you agree with the idea of a spoils system? Why or why not?
No, because it makes more people want to be vote for them weather they agree with them on not. They didn't want tariffs
7 - Why did South Carolina threaten to secede in 1828 and what was the crisis called?
They didn't want tariffs
8 - How did President Jackson feel about the nullification problem and what did he do?
He thought it was treason so he had congress pass a bill that would slowly lower tariffs.
9 - What effort did Jackson accelerate?
the emergence of southern pro-slavery as a coherent and articulate political force, which would help solidify northern antislavery opinion, inside as well as outside Jackson’s party.
10 - What was the Indian Removal Act.
authorized the President to negotiate treaties to buy tribal lands in the east in exchange for lands further west, outside of existing U.S. state borders.
11 - What two Supreme Court decisions were made in support of Native Americans
Georgia could not impose its laws upon Cherokee tribal lands
the entire Cherokee Nation was expected to move west to the Indian Territory
12 - What did Jackson do to the Second Bank of the United States?
Jackson worked to rescind the bank's federal charter and vetoed it.
13 - What did the Whig political party want to do?
the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy ofCongress over the presidency, and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism.
14 - What was the panic of 1837?
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States built on aspeculative fever.[1] The bubble burst on May 10, 1837 in New York City, when every bank began to accept payment only in specie (goldand silver coinage). This was based on the assumption by former president, Andrew Jackson, that government was selling land for state bank notes of questionable value.
15 - What happened to Harrison and who took his place?
He got sick and died. John Tyler replaced him.
16 - Name some of the groups and preachers of The Second Great Awakening
Methodist and Baptist and William Miller
17 - Answer the question in the "history through art" section above
it looks like fun. People are laying around doing whatever they want.
18 - Summarize issues in the Women's movement section above.
Women back then werent educated well because they stayed home all day while the men were working so they didnt really know what was going on. But Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded Seneca Falls.
19 - Why did people object to the anti-slavery movement?
They wanted to keep their slaves.
20 - How did southerners describe the institution of slavery?
It was a vital way of life to them.
Part 3
Vocabulary
Manifest Destiny: the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the U.S.throughout the American continents was both justified andinevitable.
Annexation: an addition to a document
Popular Sovereignty: or the sovereignty of the people is the belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of every political power.
Secession: the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, esp. a political state
Underground Railroad: a secret network for helping slaves escape from the South to the Northand to Canada in the years before the Civil War.
Adjacent: next to or adjoining something else
Transcontinental Railroad: a railroad network of trackage that crosses a continental land mass from "coast-to-coast" between terminals that are at (or directly connected to) different oceans or recognized continental borders.
Insurrection: a violent uprising against an authority or government
Prospect: a mental picture of a future or anticipated event
People and terms
Republican Party,
Dred Scott - (1799– September 17, 1858), was an African American slave in the United States who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857. His case was based on the fact that although he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, he had lived with his master Dr. John Emerson in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to both state laws and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, including Illinois and Minnesota (which was then part of the Wisconsin Territory)
Crittenden’s Compromise - (December 18, 1860) was an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.
Jefferson Davis- (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865.
Questions
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson signed a treaty with Napoleon Bonaparte that ceded a giant swath of land to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. This doubled the size of America, giving the country access to the very important trade route of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans. The land included in the Louisiana Purchase would eventually become thirteen new states of the Union for just pennies an acre.
What was the Oklahoma Land Grab? (you will need wikipedia)
as the first land run into the Unassigned Lands and included all or part of the 2005 modern day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
\Define the East-West routes used by the 1840's
It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid 1850s.
What land did the United States obtain under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
\Mexico
People and Terms!
deck77cf1be8fdc7f6f0fafbd7fd318b90074613a96b.jpg
deck53cfba38b30d17397dc7fbed8b79bc2562320a60.jpg
deckd6dfda7668edd44fa0d92fc563519c9524f59f32.jpg
Harriet Tubman: was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarain, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage.
Republican Party: one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the Grand Old Party (GOP). The part's platform generally reflects American conservatism, in the political spectrum, in contrast to the more "liberal" or "progressive" Democrats.
Dred Scott: an African American slave in the United States who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857. His case was based on the fact that although he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, he had lived with his master Dr. John Emerson in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to both state laws and Northwest Ordinance of 1787, including Illinois and Minnesota (which was then part of the Wisconsin Territory.
Crittenden’s Compromise: an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.
Jefferson Davis: was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865.
Questions!
1. What was the Louisiana Purchase?
The acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2) of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803.
2. What was the Oklahoma Land Grab?
The first land run into the Unassigned Lands and included all or part of the 2005 modern day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the U.S state of Oklahoma.
3. Define the East-West routes used by the 1840's
Oregon Trail, California Trail, and Santa Fe Trail.
4. What land did the United States obtain under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Utah, Nevada, and Colorado (see Article V of the treaty). Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.
5. Describe the Battle of the Alamo and what did it eventually lead to
It was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Bexar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas). All but two of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution.
6. Polk promised to add which two states?
Texas and Oregon.
7. Describe how the war with Mexico began
The was between Mexico and the United States had it's beginning with the struggle over who would control Texas.
8. Where did the idea of Manifest Destiny come from?
John O’Sullivan.
9. What treaty ended the war with Mexico and what were the terms or the treaty?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico ceded to the Untied States Upper California and New Mexico.
10. What did Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina argue about slaves in the territories?
Nicknamed the "cast-iron man" for his determination to defend the causes in which he believed, Calhoun supported states' rights and nullification, under which states could declare null and void federal laws which they deemed to be unconstitutional.
11. What were the beliefs for the "free soil" party.
It's main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.
12. What triggered the California gold rush?
When gold was found by James. W Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. New of the discovery brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the Unites States and abroad. Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half walked overland.
13. What was the compromise proposed by Henry Clay?
Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of five bills, passed in September 1859, defusing a four year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose following the Mexican-American War in 1846-1848
14. Describe the Fugitive slave act and how was it used?
Declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters, to give a reason to hunt any African-American.
15. Why was the route of the transcontinental railroad so important?
To promote growth in the territories the route.
16 - Why did the Compromise of 1850 not succeed in ending sectional division?
The Compromise was greeted with relief, although each side dislikes specific provisions. These provisions ultimately let to it's failure.
17. Describe how Kansas became "Bleeding Kansas?" What was the Kansas Nebraska Act?
After a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858. At the hear of the conflict was the question of whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free state or slave state. As such, Bleeding Kansas was a proxy war between Northern and Southerners over the issue of slavery in the Unites States. The term "Bleeding Kansas" was coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune; the events it encompasses directly presaged the American Civil War.
1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.
18. Who were the "know nothings"?
The Know-Nothings were members of a U.S. political movement during the mid-1800s: Americans who feared the foreign influence of immigrants (there was an influx of new arrivals in the 1840s) banded together, sometimes in secret societies, in order to uphold what they believed to be the American view. When people who were thought to be members of these groups were asked about their views and activities, the typical response was, "I don't know," which gave the movement its name.
19. Describe the Dred Scott Court case and what were the results and the effects
A ruling by the U.S Supreme Court that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves (or their descendants, whether or not they were slaves) were not protected by the constitution and could never be U.S citizens. The court also held that the U.S Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories and that, because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court. Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves, as chattels or private property, could not be taken away from their owners without due process.
20. Why did Southern Democrats walk out of the Democratic Convention?
Over a platform dispute, led by William Lowndes Yancey.
Part 4
martial law: imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis—usually only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law becomes widespread.
greenback: refers to the United States dollar: It generally refers to money
conscription: the compulsory enrollment of people to some sort of public service.
habeas corpus: a writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention.
attrition: the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure
siege: a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside
conceive: form or device in the mind.
subordinate: lower in rank or position
mandate: an official order or commission to do something
People and Terms
martial law: military government involving the suspension of ordinary law.
greenback: a paper currency that was issued by the North during the American Civil War
conscription: compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
habeas corpus:a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, esp. to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
attrition:the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure
siege: a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town orbuilding, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling thesurrender of those inside
conceive: form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind
subordinate: lower in rank or position
mandate:an official order or commission to do something
Questions
1 - How did Lincoln show he wanted to avoid war?
He addressed the seceding states directly, repeating his commitment not to interfere with slavery where it already existed.
2 -Describe the battle for Fort Sumpter
The battle for Fort Sumpter: Lincoln wanted to supply Fort Sumpter. President Jackson was faced with a problem. He could shoot at the supply ship and provoke war with the U.S, OR surrender. In the end, he surrendered.
3 - List the states of the confederacy
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.
4 - What additional factors are not considered when comparing population percentages between the Union and the Confederacy? (check the graph at the top of the page)
Education mainly.
5 - Define civil liberties. Do you believe the government is justified limiting civil liberties during wartime?
Civil liberties are rights and freedoms that provide an individual specific rights such as the right to life, freedom from torture, freedom from slavery and forced labour, the right to liberty and security, right to a fair trial, the right to privacy, freedom of conscience, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, and the right to marry and have a family. Not exactly, for example, if freedom from torture was limited, it would kind of be inhumane.
6 - Why did the call for military volunteers lead more states to secede?
The volunteers did not want to take up arms against their fellow southerners.
7 - Summarize the difference in economies between the north and the south
North: manufacturing, wanted to end slavery, bigger then the south, could maintain their military
South: agriculture, wanted slavery, smaller, could NOT maintain their military
8 - Summarize the political situations for Lincoln and Davis
Lincoln: Civil war had pushed him to make the Emancipation Proclamation, he felt that imposing a harsh peace would only alienate many whites in the South.
Davis: Felt pressure for a quick victory
9 - List the factors that made the American Civil War the first "moden" war
Huge armies that consisted mostly of civilian volunteers and required vast amounts of supplies. inventors had developed an inexpensive conoidal or cone-shaped bullet that was accurate at much greater distances. This resulted in much higher casualties. Attrition, the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources
10 - What steps did the North, and eventually the south, take to staff their armies?
They blockaded their ports in the North and the South.
11 - How were blockade runners used by the south?
small, fast vessels the South used to smuggle goods past the blockade, usually at night.
12 - Use wikipedia, list the major battles of the civil war and their results.
Antietam / Sharpsburg Maryland September 16-18, 1862
Over 6,000 men killed and around another 16,000 wounded
Bull Run / Blackburn's Ford Virginia July 18, 1861
Union lost, North would need a large, well trained army to prevail against the South.
Chattanooga Tennessee November 23-25, 1863
North won and secured eastern Tennessee.
Chickamauga Georgia September 18-20, 1863
Marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia called the Chickamauga Campaign.
Fredericksburg I / Marye's Heights Virginia December 11-15, 1862
The Union army suffered 12,653 casualties (1,284 killed, 9,600 wounded, 1,769 captured/missing).[2] Two Union generals were mortally wounded: Brig. Gens. George D. Bayard and Conrad F. Jackson. The Confederate army lost 5,377 (608 killed, 4,116 wounded, 653 captured/missing),[3] most of them in the early fighting on Jackson's front. Confederate Brig. Gens. Maxcy Gregg and T. R. R. Cobb were both mortally wounded.
Gettysburg Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863
Battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is often described as the war's turning point.
Shiloh / Pittsburg Landing Tennessee April 6-7, 1862
Located in the Western Theater. Newspapers vilified Grant for his performance and claimed he was drunk.
Stones River / Murfreesboro Tennessee Dec 31, 1862-Jan 2, 1863
In a charge, was among the first to reach a battery of the enemy and, with one or two others, mounted the artillery horses and took two guns into the Union lines.
Wilderness / Furnaces / Todd's Tavern Virginia May 5-7, 1864
usually described as a draw, it could be called a tactical Confederate victory, but a strategic victory for the Union army.
13 - List some of the problems the south began to suffer by the end of 1862
14 - Describe the life of union and confederate soldiers
Hard life with few comforts, faced constant threat of disease and extreme medical procedures if they got injured in battle.
15 - Why do you think so many African Americans were willing to volunteer to fight?
They wanted their freedom from the South.
16 - For how long was the city of Vicksburg under siege by Grant’s Union forces?
May 19, 1863 to July 4, 1863
17 - Spring 1864, what two crucial objectives had Grant accomplished?
Capturing Vicksburg and victory at Chattanooga
18 - What effect do you think would the Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth
Amendment have on African Amer- icans? Why?
The Emancipation Proclamation officially permitted African Americans to enlist in the Union military and navy. This gave them the right to fight what they believed in. The Thirteenth Amendment banned slavery in the United States... The effect speaks for itself.
19 - What would account for the thousands of non-battle deaths listed in one of the graphs?
Sickness
20 - Why did General Sherman march his army to the sea?
To sieze Georgia's first settlement.
Part 5
Vocabulary Define:
Reconstruction: The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed
Amnesty: An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses
Pocket Veto,
Freedman: A freedman is a former slave who has been released from slavery,
Black Codes,
Impeach: Call into question the integrity or validity of a practice
Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities
Tenant Farmer: A person who farms rented land.
Sharecropper: A tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent
Circumstance: A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action
Questions
1 - Who looked forward to a Union victory?
Enslaved African Americans
2 - Describe Lincoln's plan for reuniting the country.
He offered a general amnesty, or pardon, to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the United States and accepted the Union’s proclamations concern- ing slavery.
3 - What effect would the abolition of slavery have on southern representation in congress? Explain
It is three separate events that each involved a United States presidential election and a deal that was struck that many viewed to be corrupt.
4 - What was the "wade-davis bill?"
It required the majority of the adult white men in a former Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.
5 - How did Lincoln deal with the Wade-Davis Bill?
He blocked it with a pocket veto.
6 - What were the events that lead to the assassination of Lincoln? (Use wikipedia)
The Confederacy was falling apart. On April 3, Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, fell to the Union army. On April 9, the Army of Northern Virginia, the first army of the Confederacy, surrendered to the Army of the Potomac at Appomattox Court House. Confederate President Jefferson Davis and the rest of his government were in full flight. Although many Southerners had given up hope, Booth continued to believe in his cause.
7 - How did Johnson react to the 14th amendment? What were the results
He attacked it and made it a major issue of the 1866 congressional elections and wanted to vote out the "radical republicans" and elect representatives who would support his plan for Reconstruction. It back fired and they had enough people to override the presidential veto and make their own Reconstruction program in place of Johnson's plan.
8 - What order was given to the military commanders during reconstruction
Maintain peace and "Protect the rights of persons and property."
9 - How many years after the war was the last Southern state readmitted to the Union?
It took 5 years. (1870)
10 - Why was Johnson impeached?
He was accused of breaking the law by refusing to uphold the Tenure of Office Act.
11 - Define who were the Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
The carpetbaggers were new people who went into the south and they were known as "carpetbaggers" because some arrived with their belongings in suitcases made of carpet fabric.
12 - Describe the creation of Republican governments in the south.
Because of past disloyalty, some Southern whites were barred from participation in the new Southern governments, and many others simply refused to do so. As a result a coalition of Northerners, Southern-bortn whites, and African Americans created Republican governments in the Southern states.
13 - O.O. Howard, head of the Freedmen’s Bureau, is pictured here (far right) with the students of a Freedmen’s school. Why do you think these schools were so successful?
Because all of the African American's wanted to be educated and this was the first time they were aloud to.
14 - What was one of the largest "secret societies" to rise in the south? How did congress respond the their activities?
The KKK. Congressed passed 3 enforcement acts.
15 - What were some of the scandals that faced the Grant administrations
The first scandal, 1869's "Black Friday" on the New York gold exchange, involved Wall Street conspirators who attempted to corner the available gold supply and prevent the government from selling gold by enlisting Grant's brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, as co-conspirator.
16 - How did Democrats regain strength in the south?
They intimidated and fraud, and in part by defining the elections as a struggle between whites and African Americans. They promised to cut back taxes Republicans imposed and accused them of corruption.
17 - What values and policies do you associate with today’s Republican and Democratic Parties? (use the internet to research each party's platform)
18 - Describe the rise of the "New South"
The South developed closer ties with the NOrth. Southern leaders realized the South could never return to the pre-Civil-War agricultural economy dominated by planter elite. They needed to be Industrial based instead.
19 - If you disagree with a political decision, how can you change it
Vote against it.
20 - What major issue was settled by the Compromise of 1877?
It pulled remaining troop out of the South