Vocabulary-

placer mining- is the mining of alluvial deposits for minerals.

quartz mining- A mine in which a valuable constituent, such as gold, is found in veins rather than in placers

vigilance committee- was a group formed of private citizens to administer law and order where they considered governmental structures to be inadequate.

open range- a large area of grazing land without fences or other barriers.

long drive- is an offshoot of golf which is focused on hitting a golf ball for pure distance within a target grid.

homestead- Law a person's or family's residence, which comprises the land, house, and outbuildings, and in most states is exempt from forced sale for collection of debt.

assimilate- take in and understand fully.





Part 2

Vocabulary

gross national product- the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year, equal to the gross domestic product plus the net income from foreign investments.

entrepreneur- a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.

laissez faire- a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

corporation- a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

vertical integration- the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

horizontal integration- In microeconomics and strategic management, the term horizontal integration describes a type of ownership and control.

monopoly- the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

Marxism- the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism.

industrial union- a labor union that admits all workers in a given industry irrespective of their craft.

closed shop- is a form of union security agreement under which the employer agrees to only hire union members.





Part 3

Vocabulary

nativism- a term used by scholars to refer to ethnocentric beliefs relating to immigration and nationalism.

tenement- in most English-speaking areas, a substandard multi-family dwelling, usually old, occupied by the poor.

political machine- is a disciplined political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

graft- where the tissues of one plant are affixed to the tissues of another.





Part 4

Vocabulary

individualism- the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.

Social Darwinism- the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

philanthropy- the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed.

settlement house- an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.

Americanization- make American in character or nationality.

Part 5

Vocabulary

volume- quantity or power of sound; degree of loudness.

populism- a member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people.

inflation- a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

deflation- reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.

graduated income tax- is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases.

poll tax- a tax levied on every adult, without reference to their income or resources.

prospective- expected or expecting to be something particular in the future.

grandfather clause- a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

segregation- the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.

Jim Crow laws- were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.